Warpage refers to the deformation of a material or object due to changes in temperature, humidity, pressure or other external factors. Some synonyms for warpage include bending, twisting, warping, curving, buckling, distorting, or contorting. These terms are commonly used to describe the deformation of objects such as wood, metal, plastic, or glass. In engineering and manufacturing, warpage can affect the durability, functionality, and overall quality of a product. To prevent warpage, materials are treated with specific methods and techniques, such as annealing or stress-relieving. Synonyms for warpage are useful in describing the physical properties and characteristics of materials and their response to external conditions.