Papillary necrosis refers to the death of cells in the kidney's papillae, which can lead to kidney dysfunction. This condition is also known as renal papillary necrosis, ischemic necrosis of the renal papillae, and necrotic papillitis. Other terms used to describe the condition include medullary sponge kidney disease, renal medullary necrosis, and papillary gangrene. Papillary necrosis can occur due to several factors, such as infections, drug abuse, kidney stones, and diabetes. If left untreated, it can lead to kidney failure, chronic kidney disease, or even death. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing papillary necrosis and preventing further complications.